Mining Terminology Abutment – In coal mining, the weight of the rocks above a narrow roadway is transferred to the solid coal along the sides, which act as abutments of the arch of strata spanning the roadway; and the weight of the rocks over a long wall face is transferred to the front abutment, …
A absolute humidity: the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the volume of air in which it is present.(g/m^3) acid rain: rain that has become acidic after contact with certain atmospheric gases (primarily sulfur dioxide, carbondioxide, and nitrogen oxides) afforestation: process of establishing a forest. air mass: a large body of air all of similar temperature and …
A acid – a substance that has a pH value between 0 and 7 acid deposition (“acid rain”) – water that falls to or condenses on the Earth’s surface as rain, drizzle, snow, sleet, hail, dew, frost, or fog with a pH of less than 5.6 acre-foot – the amount of water needed to cover one acre of land one …
Some Water and Waste Terminology Activated Carbon Filter: Water treatment process to remove taste, odor, some organic compounds, and radon. Adsorption: retention of a substance by soil particles. Aerobic: in the presence of or requiring oxygen. Agri-chemical: chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) used in agricultural production. Algal Bloom: large, visible masses of algae found in …
Activated Sludge The term “activated sludge” refers to a brownish flocculent culture of organisms developed in aeration tanks under controlled conditions. It is also Sludge floc produced in raw or settled waste water by the growth of zoological bacteria and other organisms in the presence of dissolved oxygen. Activated sludge is normally brown in colour. …
Most flow signals are normally regarded as rate signals. For example the Speedometer in your vehicle whether it is a needle or a digital device will go up and down according to the actual speed you are going When your car stops the speedometer goes to zero. It is the same with the flow meter, …
A Abnormal Failure: An artificially induced failure of a component, usually as a result of “abnormals” testing for regulatory agency safety compliance. Absolute Pressure Transducer: A transducer that has an internal reference chamber sealed at or close to 0 psia (full vacuum) and normally provides increasing output voltage for increases in pressure. Absolute Pressure: Gage pressure plus atmospheric …
Absolute Humidity – the mass of water vapor in a unit volume of gas mixture Absolute Pressure – the pressure exerted on a vacuum Acceleration – the time rate of change of velocity Adiabatic – a process which takes place without any exchange of heat between a system and its surrounding Ambient – surrounding or prevailing conditions Ampere or Amp – …
Some Terms used in the Semiconductor Technology Acceptor Impurity An impurity added to an intrinsic semiconductor that will accept an electron from a neighboring atom to create a hole. Active Device A device that has gain or controls another circuit. Anode The positive terminal of a device. Avalanche breakdown Reverse voltage breakdown that occurs when …
Antioxidant An Antioxidant is a substance that will inhibit oxidation. Antioxidants are usually added to fats and oil and provide more stability and longer shelf life by delaying the onset of oxidative rancidity . Something that is rancid has a rank small or taste usually due to a chemical change or decomposition Bleach/Bleaching Processes whereby …